DATE DUE:
Name:
Ms. Terry J. Boroughs
Geology 300
MASS WASTING & MASS MOVEMENTS /
Groundwater Systems
Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting
the BEST answer. Use GEOLOGIC VOCABULARY where APPLICABLE!
Mass Wasting/Mass
Movements:
1.
The
general process by which rock, soil, or unconsolidated material moves downhill
is called
.
a. solifluction
b. mass
movement
c.
liquefaction
d.
plate tectonics
2.
Which
of the following situations is least likely to result in mass movement?
a. a
steep slope
b. a
slope with loose material saturated with water
c. a
slope with abundant vegetation
d. a slope
consisting of fractured and deformed rock
3.
The
characteristic slope of a pile of dry sand is called
the
.
a. angle of
repose
b. strike
c.
consolidation factor
d. dip
4.
Which
of the following factors effects the maximum angle at
which a slope of loose material is stable?
a. the amount
of moisture
b. the shape
of the particles
c. the size
of the particles
d. all of
these
5.
As
one increases the amount of water in a pile of sand, the angle of repose
will
.
a. increase
b. decrease
c. first
increase and then decrease
d. not change
6.
During
an earthquake, water-saturated sand can behave like a liquid, a process called
.
a. slurrification
b. unconsolidation
c. liquefaction
d. solifluction
7.
When
building a house on a slope, which of the following practices will help prevent
a landslide?
a.
planting of vegetation with deep roots on the slope
b. installing a
drainage system to remove water from the slope
c. both a. and b.
d. neither a. nor
b.
8.
How
do geologists classify mass movements?
a. by the speed of
the mass movement
b. by the nature of
material
c. by the nature of
the movement
d. all of these
9.
The
accumulation of rocks at the base of a cliff is called
.
a. a dune
b. soil creep
c. an alluvial fan
d. talus
10.
How
fast is "soil creep?"
a. 1 to 10
millimeters per year
b. 1 to 10 meters
per year
c. 1 kilometer per
hour
d. over 10
kilometers per hour
11.
A
slow slide of unconsolidated material that travels as a unit is
called
.
a. soil creep
b. a debris flow
c. a slump
d. a rockslide
12.
Surface
tension is greatest when
.
a. sand is dry
b. sand is moist,
but not saturated with water
c. sand is
saturated with water
d. sand is
over-saturated with water
13.
What
is the dominant force that causes mass movement?
a. tidal force
b. seismic energy
c. gravity
d. wind
14.
Which
of the following statements best describes a slump?
a. slow downhill
movement of unconsolidated material moving as a unit
b. slow downhill movement
of unconsolidated material moving like a fluid
c. rapid downhill
movement of unconsolidated material moving as a unit
d. rapid downhill
movement of unconsolidated material moving like a fluid
15.
only occurs in permafrost regions.
a. Landsliding
b. Soil creep
c. Liquefaction
d. Solifluction
16.
Which
of the following can lead to oversteepening of a
slope?
a.
human construction and excavation
b. natural
erosional processes
c. both a. and b.
d. neither a. nor
b.
17.
A
person could not outrun which of the following types of mass movements?
a. slump
b. debris avalanche
c. soil creep
d. debris flow
18.
In
what class of mass movement does the material move as if it were a fluid?
a. flows
b. slides
c. falls
d. all of these
19.
Loose,
uncemented geologic material is said to be .
a. liquefied
b. crystallized
c. unconsolidated
d. consolidated
20.
A
hill consisting of loose dry sand that slopes at the angle of repose and has no
vegetation .
a. is stable unless
oversteepened by excavation
b. may flow if it
becomes saturated with water
c. will be more
stable if vegetation takes root on the hill
d. all of these
21.
Which
of the following situations is most likely to undergo mass wasting?
a. a dry, moderate
slope of unconsolidated material
b. a wet, moderate slope of
unconsolidated material
c. a dry, steep slope of
unconsolidated material
d. a wet, steep slope of
unconsolidated material
22.
Which
of the following has the steepest angle of repose?
a. fine quartz sand
b. coarse quartz
sand
c. angular quartz
pebbles
d. all of these
have the same angle of repose
23.
Which
of the following processes was the major reason so many
landslides occurred
during the 1964
a. motion along the
fault oversteepened slopes
b. water-saturated
sandy layers became liquefied by the ground shaking
c. the earthquake
tilted the rock layers downhill
d. the earthquake
caused water to accumulate in the soil
24.
Which
of the following processes is not strongly influenced by gravity?
a. the flow of
groundwater
b. the movement of
landslides and debris flows
c. the movement of
water in streams
d. all of these are
strongly influenced by gravity
25.
What
is the relation between earthquakes and landslides?
a. Earthquakes
always trigger landslides.
b. Earthquakes
sometimes trigger landslides.
c. Earthquakes
never trigger landslides.
d. Landslides
sometimes trigger earthquakes.
26.
Which
of the following can trigger a landslide?
a. an earthquake
b. a heavy
rainstorm
c. removal of
material from the base of a slope
d. all of these
27.
Which
of the following statements is false?
a. Rounder debris
forms steeper slopes than angular debris.
b. Larger debris
forms steeper slopes than smaller debris.
c. Dryer debris
forms steeper slopes than water-saturated debris.
d. Moist debris forms
steeper slopes than dry debris.
28.
Mass
wasting is the down slope movement of earth materials moving under the
influence of gravity.
a. True b. False
29.
The
angle of repose is the minimum stable angle to which dry loose material can
accumulate.
a. True b. False
30.
Undercutting
of a slope is one way to stabilize a slope.
a. True b. False
31.
Overloading
a slope with fill tends to compact the subsurface and increase a slopes stability.
a. True b. False
32.
Earthquakes
tend to make water saturated sediment more stable.
a. True b. False
33.
Rapid
mass wasting means that the earth materials move an appreciable distance over
the time span of a human life.
a. True b. False
34.
Solifluction can occur in all climates, but it is most common in the
tropics.
a. True b. False
35.
Soil
creep is the slow down slope movement of the soil.
a. True b. False
36.
In
a down slope direction, one type of slope failure can change into a different
type of mass wasting process.
a. True b. False
37.
A
scarp occurs at the top of a slump.
a. True b. False
38.
The
occurrence of subsurface clay layers tends to make a steep slope more stable.
a. True b. False
39.
What
of the following was not a contributing factor in the 1925 Gros
Ventre slide near
a. the orientation
of the sedimentary layers with respect to the slope
b. undercutting of
the slope by construction activities
c. heavy rains and
melting snow
d. all of these
were contributing factors
40.
Which
of the following features indicate former landslides or areas susceptible to
slope failure?
a. displaced
objects
b. scarps
c. hummocky
surfaces
d. open fissures
e. all of these
Groundwater Systems:
41.
What
powers the hydrologic cycle?
a.
mantle convection
b.
radioactive decay
c.
solar energy
d. all of these
42.
What
is the process by which water enters the small pore spaces between particles of
soil or rock?
a.
transpiration
b.
infiltration
c.
precipitation
d.
sublimation
43.
The
release of water vapor from plants is called
a.
transpiration
b.
infiltration
c.
precipitation
d.
sublimation
44.
What
is the term for the amount of water vapor in the air as a proportion of the
maximum amount the air could hold at the same temperature?
a. dew point b. sublimation point
c. evaporation rate d. relative
humidity
45.
Which
of the following is true?
a.
cool air can hold more water vapor than warm air.
b.
warm air can hold more water vapor than cool air.
c.
cool air and warm air can hold the same amount of water vapor.
d.
air cannot contain water vapor.
46.
Which
of the following is true?
a.
most rain falls on the windward (upwind) side of a mountain range.
b.
most rain falls on the leeward (downwind) side of a mountain range.
c.
rain falls in approximately equal amounts on the windward (upwind) and
leeward (downwind) side of a mountain range.
d. rain does not fall on mountain
ranges.
47.
a. aquicludes
b. aquifers c. influents d. exfluents
48.
Which
of the following rock types will have the highest porosity?
a. a fine-grained
shale
b. a cemented
sandstone
c. an uncemented sandstone
d. all of these
will have the same porosity
49.
The
percentage of a rock's total volume taken up by pore space is called
the
.
a.
permeability.
b. recharge
c. aquifer
d. porosity
50.
Permeability is
a. the ability of a
solid to allow fluids to pass through
b. the process by
which plants release water vapor to the atmosphere
c. the amount of
water vapor in the air relative to the maximum
amount
of water vapor the air can hold
d. the percentage
of pore space in the rock
51.
Which
of the following combinations make for the best groundwater reservoir?
a. low permeability
and low porosity
b. low permeability
and high porosity
c. high
permeability and low porosity
d. high
permeability and high porosity
52.
The
groundwater table lies .
a. at the top of
the unsaturated zone
b. at the top of
the saturated zone
c. at the base of
the saturated zone
d. at sea level
53.
The
infiltration of water into the subsurface is called
.
a.
influent
b. effluent
c. discharge
d. recharge
54.
A
confined aquifer is
.
a. underlain by
a relatively impermeable layer
b. overlain
by a relatively impermeable layer
c. underlain
and overlain by a relatively impermeable layer
d. neither
underlain nor overlain by a relatively impermeable layer
55.
What
is the term for a relatively impermeable geologic unit?
a. an
artesian
b. an aquiclude
c. an aquifer
d. none of
these
56.
A
confined aquifer is recharged by .
a. precipitation
where the aquifer unit crops out
b. water draining
down from overlying streams
c. precipitation
draining down through the unsaturated zone
d. all of these
57.
If
the amount of discharge is greater than the amount of recharge, the groundwater
table will
a. rise
b. drop
c. remain the same
d. rise or drop,
depending on the porosity
58.
Which
of the following statements about groundwater is false?
a.
the steeper the water-table slope, the faster the groundwater will flow.
b.
groundwater moves from areas where the water table is high to areas
where the water table is low.
c.
the higher the permeability of an aquifer, the slower the groundwater will
flow.
d.
gravity drives the flow of groundwater.
59.
In
what type of rock do most caves form?
a. granite
b. shale
c. limestone
d. sandstone
60.
Which
of the following statements about karst topography is
false?
a. Karst topography contains many sinkholes.
b. Karst topography forms from freezing and thawing
of groundwater .
c. Karst topography does not have a normal surface
drainage system consisting of small and large rivers.
d. Karst topography forms in regions where subsurface
limestone is dissolved by groundwater.
61.
Water
that is good enough to drink is called
.
a. potable water
b. groundwater
c. surface water
d. artesian water
62.
Which
of the following sources can contaminate an aquifer?
a.
landfills
b. agricultural regions
c. gas stations
d. all of these
63.
Stalactites
and stalagmites in caves are composed of
.
a.
quartz
b. feldspar
c.
calcite d.
halite
64.
The
vast majority of the world's usable fresh water is in
.
a. the
biosphere b. rivers
and lakes
c. the atmosphere d. the ground
65.
What
is the difference between the saturated and unsaturated zones of groundwater?
a. The
saturated zone has a higher porosity than the unsaturated zone.
b. The saturated zone has a lower porosity than the unsaturated zone.
c. The pore spaces in the saturated zone are completely full of water; the pore
spaces in the unsaturated zone are not completely full of water.
d. The pore spaces in the saturated zone are not completely full of water; the
pore spaces in the unsaturated zone are completely full
of water.
66.
Influent
streams are
.
a.
more
common in arid regions
b.
more common in humid regions.
c.
equally common in arid and humid regions.
d.
only found in areas of permafrost.
67.
Which
of the following aquifers would be best for removing bacteria from the
groundwater?
a.
limestone b.
sand
c. coarse gravel d. none of these can
effectively remove bacteria from groundwater.
68.
Which
of the following statements about the water table is false?
a. The water
table changes when discharge is not balanced by
recharge.
b. The water
table is generally flat.
c. The water
table is above the land surface in lakes.
d. The water
table is depressed near high volume pumping wells.
69.
Sinkholes
are a possible danger in regions underlain by what type of bedrock?
a. granite
b. sandstone
c. shale
d. limestone
70.
Streams
that gain water from groundwater are called
streams.
a.
groundwater
b. artesian
c.
effluent
d. influent
71.
The
boundary between the saturated zone and the unsaturated zone is called
the
.
a. water table
b. aquifer
c. aquiclude
d. porosity
72.
Stalactites
a. grow up from the
floor of a cave
b. hang down from
the ceiling of a cave
c. form in the pore
spaces of a sandstone
d. form in the pore
spaces of a limestone
73.
In
which of the following regions is groundwater not being significantly depleted?
a.
b. western
c.
d. groundwater is
being depleted in all of these areas
74.
Which
of the following materials has the lowest permeability?
a.
shale b.
moderately-cemented sandstone
c.
gravel d.
sand
75.
Which
of the following statements regarding porosity and permeability is generally
true?
a.
the
greater the porosity, the greater the permeability
b.
the
greater the porosity, the lower the permeability
c.
porosity and permeability are the same thing.
d.
porosity and permeability are unrelated.
76.
Excessive
pumping in relation to recharge can cause
.
a.
the water table to decline
b. a cone of depression to form
c. the well to go dry
d. all of these
77.
Porosity
is determined by the size, shape, and arrangement of the grains, by their sorting,
and the degree of cement present.
a. true b. false
78.
In
the zone of saturation the pore spaces are completely filled with water .
a.
True b. False.
79.
The
water well is an artificial opening in the zone of saturation.
a. True
b. False
80.
To
have a water well pump water all year long, the well
must be in the zone of saturation all year long.
a. True b. False
81.
In
the
a.
True
b. False
82.
Sinkholes
are common features of
a. True b. False
83.
Dripstone
deposits are composed of calcium carbonate.
a. True b. False
84.
Salt
water incursion can occur in a coastal aquifer .
a. True b. False
85.
Lowering
of a water table has no effect on the cost of water, nor the
length of time an aquifer can be pumped.
a. True b. False
86.
Groundwater
needs to be protected from pollution.
a. True b. False
87.
Geothermal
water can be very corrosive.
a.
True
b. False
Use the answer sheet provided in class for the following questions and
crossword puzzles.
Mass Wasting/Mass
Movements:
88.
is a type of
mass movement that is associated with large particles released by frost wedging
and occurs in mountainous regions. (It causes talus to accumulate at the base
of a cliff .)
89.
As
friction is reduced by water content, it becomes
than the shear force, and mass wasting will occur.
90.
Solifluction is a special kind of earth flow that moves on a layer of
.
91.
The
amount of in a
mass of debris strongly influences the rate and type of its movement.
92.
The
most unstable situation involving planes of weakness in rocks is when they
are
to the hillside slope.
93.
Loose
grains of sand adhere to one another due to the
which is created BY a film of water
94.
is the slowest, but
most pervasive type of mass movement.
95.
Hard
water" is water that contains large amounts of
dissolved
or magnesium.
96.
The
contact of the unsaturated zone and the saturated zone is called
the
.
97.
The
slope of the water table is controlled by
.
98.
Lakes
and ponds mark places where the
intersects the land surface.
99.
areas are characterized by sinkholes, caves and the
lack of surface streams.
100. The
101. An aquifer recharged from the
surface with a rising or falling water table is said to
be
102. The storage capacity of a rock unit
is located in its
.
103. Heavily pumped wells near the sea
coast can be contaminated by
.
104. The capacity of a rock unit to
transmit fluids is its
.
GEOLOGY 300
MASS WASTING -CLUES
ACROSS
1. A mass movement of rock material
and soil largely as one or more units along planes of weakness at the base of
or within the rock material.
3. The mass movement of large blocks
of detached bedrock sliding more or less as a unit.
5. A downhill movement of soil or
fractured rock under the force of gravity.
9. The rapid downhill mass movement
of broken rock material, during which further breakage of the material may occur .
11. The relatively free falling of a
newly detached segment of bedrock from a cliff or other steep slope.
13. The volume of rock not occupied
by mineral grains or lithic fragments.
14. The attractive force between
molecules at a surface.
17. The angle of repose for a rock
surface.
18. A slow mass movement of rock
fragments supported by a muddy matrix, that move faster than earth flows.
DOWN
1. A fluid mass movement of rock fragments
supported by a muddy matrix, that move faster than earth flows.
2. In this type of mass movement,
the bulk of the material moves more or less as a unit.
4.
material is sediment that is lithified:
compacted and bound together by mineral cements.
5. A mass movement of material
mostly finer than sand, along with some rock debris, lubricated with large
amounts of water.
6. The steepest slope angle at which
a particular sediment will lie without cascading down.
7. A fluid mass movement of mainly
fine-grained material, along with some broken rock, at slow or moderate speeds.
8. A slow mass movement of unlithified materials that slide as a unit.
10. The creep of soil saturated with
water and/or ice, caused by alternate freezing and thawing; most common in polar regions.
12. The set of all processes by
which soil and rock are loosened and moved downhill or downwind.
15. Slow, downhill mass movement of
soil and regolith under gravitational force.
16. A deposit of large angular fragments
of physically weathered bedrock, usually at the base of a cliff or a steep
slope.
GEOLOGY 300: MASS WASTING
WORD LIST
|
ANGLE OF REPOSE CONSOLIDATED CREEP DEBRIS FLOW DEBRIS SLIDE EARTH FLOW EROSION LANDSLIDE MASS WASTING MUD FLOW PORE SPACE |
ROCK AVALANCHE ROCK FALL ROCK SLIDE ROCK SLOPE SLIDE SLUMP SOLIFLUCTION SURFACE TENSION TALUS UNCONSOLIDATED |
GEOLOGY
300: GROUNDWATER
WORD LIST
|
AQUIFER |
PERMEABILITY SATURATED |
GEOLOGY 300 GROUNDWATER -CLUES
ACROSS
3.The amount of water vapor in the air, expressed
as a percentage of the total amount of water vapor that the air could hold at
that temperature if saturated.
8.This type of water is agreeable to the taste and is
not dangerous to the health.
11. A source or place of residence for elements in a chemical cycle or
hydrologic cycle.
18.This
type of zone consists of soil and rock in which pores are completely filled
with groundwater .
19.This type of topography is irregular and is
characterized by caverns and sinkholes, and the lack of surface streams, and
forms in humid regions.
20.An
stream recharges groundwater through the stream bottom because its
elevation is above the groundwater table.
21.The ability of a formation to transmit groundwater
or other fluids through pores and cracks.
DOWN
1.The mass of water in the ground below the unsaturated zone.
2.The exit of groundwater to surface water bodies.
4.A permeable formation that stores and transmits
groundwater in sufficient quantity to supply wells.
5.The movement of groundwater or hydrothermal water
into rock or soil through pores and joints.
6. The cyclical movement of water from the ocean to the atmosphere, through
rain to the surface, through runoff and groundwater to streams, and back to the
sea.
7. Rain water, snow, hail, and sleet.
9.The release of water vapor by plants into the
atmosphere.
10 .The percentage of the total volume of rock that is pore
space.
12.A phase change between the solid and gaseous states
without passing through the liquid state.
1 3 .The amount of rain water directly leaving an area in
surface drainage, as opposed to the amount that seeps out as groundwater.
14.The
upper surface of the saturated zone of groundwater .
15.
flow is flow in a confined aquifer, in which the
groundwater is at a greater pressure than in an unconfined aquifer at similar
depths.
1 6. A
aquifer is overlain by relatively impermeable strata (aquicludes) thereby
causing the water to be contained under pressure.
17.An
stream receives some water from groundwater discharge because the stream's
elevation is below the groundwater table.
|
Back to The Geology 300 page |
Back to The Geology 301 page |
|
|
Back to the Geology 305 Page |
Back to the Announcements
Page |
Back to My
Home Page |
|
Back to the ARC Home Page |
Back to the Columbia College page |
Back to the Geology 202 page |